Search

Projecting authenticity is crucial for athletes engaged in personal branding. Prior scholarship has emphasized the "frontstage" of authenticity: what tactics athletes use to present themselves and how audiences perceive such tactics. But it has not yet examined the "backstage": why athletes pursue authenticity and the strategic considerations involved in such ongoing self-presentations. Using a constructivist grounded theory that draws on interviews with 30 elite athletes engaged in personal branding, we unpack these backstage processes, which are not straightforward but entail an ongoing cycle of authenticity negotiation. Our model of authenticity negotiation identifies conflicting authenticity demands and constraints imposed by various actors, which athletes attempt to resolve over time using a range of authenticity management tactics. By modeling the backstage processes in authenticity negotiation, our research integrates, contextualizes, and suggests extensions to the existing frontstage work on authenticity. It offers guidance to athletes and practitioners on managing athlete brands and stakeholder collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workers and their unions took center stage in 2023 by negotiating landmark agreements that address emerging workplace technologies. Alongside establishing fundamental rights regarding the adoption of new technologies, unions negotiated protective measures for workers, provisions ensuring workers share in the benefits of these advancements, and even reined in certain technological applications. Here’s a closer look at some of the major technology bargaining agreements reached this year.

This study examines the remaining options for sport managers to balance the interests of college athletes and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in regulating college athlete name, image, and likeness (NIL). The paper is divided into six substantive sections. The first section, "Background: The NCAA's Defense of NIL Restrictions," provides a brief history of the NCAA's legal defense to challenges against its NIL regulations. The second section, "U.S. Congress Is Unlikely to Regulate College Athletes' NIL Rights," addresses proposed federal legislation and Congress' willingness to regulate the use of NIL by college athletes. The third section, "The Impact of O'Bannon and Alston on NCAA's NIL Restraints," examines controlling case law, specifically O'Bannon v. NCAA and NCAA v. Alston, and how current antitrust law precedent shapes the scope by which the NCAA can regulate college athletes' NIL. The fourth section, "State Laws Regulating the NIL Marketplace," addresses state legislation regulating college athlete NIL use. The fifth section, "The Applicability of Labor Law to Regulating College Athletes' NIL," discusses the current college athlete NIL marketplace and analyzes whether labor law presents an optimal way forward for the NCAA to regulate NIL post-Alston. The sixth section, "College Athletes' Employee Status as a Pathway to Redefine the NCAA's Amateurism," concludes by examining the law's role in regulating NIL and discussing stakeholder implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the bargaining game between a tax agency and a tax advisor-taxpayer team. Specifically, we focus on the factors that motivate tax aggressiveness, and the role of tax advisors in tax aggressiveness. We begin by characterizing the conditions under which tax advisors would give aggressive advice to their clients. Next, we analyze the optimal number of bargaining rounds for the tax agency. Third, we study the counteroffers that the tax agency makes in each round of the bargaining game. In addition, we investigate the conditions under which a high-tax taxpayer type would hire a reputable tax adviser. Last, we analyze when would the taxpayer accept or reject the tax advisor's recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay offers a philosophical defense of deception about reservation prices in business negotiation. Its discussion is prompted by arguments that Charles N.C. Sherwood makes in a recent issue of Business Ethics Quarterly and develops ideas I put forward in an earlier issue of Business Ethics Quarterly. The essay argues that although reservation price deception cannot be justified by appeal to the consent of negotiating parties, it can be justified by appeal to a separate but related notion, assumption of risk, as long as the assumption of risk occurs in a suitably fair context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral repair is an important way for firms to heal moral relationships with stakeholders following a transgression. The concept is rooted in recognition theory, which is often used to develop normative perspectives and prescriptions, but the same theory has also propelled a view of moral repair as premised on negotiation between offender and victim(s), which involves the complex social construction of the transgression and the appropriate amends. The tension between normative principles and socioconstructivist implementation begs the question how offending firms should approach moral repair. Addressing this question, we develop a two-level conceptualization of moral repair, distinguishing between procedural and substantive levels of practice, which accommodate normativity and socioconstructivism, respectively. In so doing, we enrich the literature by 1) promoting conceptual clarity, 2) refining understanding of the moral repair process, and 3) suggesting the use of a unified, configurational approach to studying (nonlinear) relations between amends and moral outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although teams of negotiators are widely assumed to be better at unlocking integrative solutions compared to individual negotiators, the interteam negotiation context is characterized by unique challenges that can make effective collaboration between teams difficult. We extend our theoretical understanding of interteam negotiations by offering novel insights about when and why teams realize their potential in integrative negotiations. Specifically, we propose a theoretical model that explains how hierarchical team structures reduce information elaboration within teams, which reinforces "fixed-pie" assumptions that prompt the reliance on value-claiming behaviors between teams and lower high-quality outcomes such as the joint gain achieved. Across four studies, each involving interactive team-on-team negotiations, we provide support for the hypothesized effects of formal intrateam hierarchies on joint gain, and test a useful intervention to mitigate the harmful effects of hierarchically structured teams at the negotiation table. Contributions to the literatures on team negotiations, interteam collaboration, and hierarchical differences within teams are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world needs people who understand the crucial importance of global governance. Training students to participate in a Model United Nations (MUN) simulation provides them with the critical thinking, negotiation, and diplomacy skills that prepare them to work in international relations positions and address negotiation and diplomacy challenges. This article provides a fresh look at why MUN is important by analyzing MUN training guides used to teach students how to participate in MUN simulations. It finds that the training guides offer excellent insight into the functions and structure of the United Nations, but little in the form of learning how to negotiate or engage in diplomacy. Specifically missing are discussions of leadership, negotiation from interest, not position (also known as principled negotiation), and how to train students to be inclusive and respond to discrimination or bias during negotiations. The article includes a description of active learning and learner-centered teaching techniques and provides insight into how a specific MUN team implemented professionalism training in the 2010s. The article is written in collaboration between an MUN advisor and students who trained as MUN delegates, integrating the voices and perspectives of those who train and those who are trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the in situ negotiation of epistemic authority through the mobilisation of summaries in the context of medical emergencies. It focuses on the use of the discourse marker so in prefacing summaries as a strategy for claiming epistemic primacy, with particular attention being paid to so 's multimodal accomplishment. Taking an interactional sociolinguistic approach, we bring together simulated and real-life trauma emergencies and zoom in on the role of the institutionally defined team leader. Our findings illustrate that summarising in this context is almost exclusively reserved for team leaders, with so being an integral part in this process, consistently prefacing team leaders' summaries. These summary acts, in turn, contribute to the summarisation process, which is part and parcel of role performance and doing leadership. We unpack the spatiotemporal dimensions of so , highlighting the systematicity of its use in the material space of the emergency room, and make a case for the need to capture discourse markers in the situated spatiolinguistic context. • Discourse markers need to be studied in their situated, organisational context. • We examine the, often neglected, multimodal accomplishment of discourse markers. • So -prefaced summaries are used by team leaders as a strategy for claiming authority. • So , in prefacing summaries, initiates a shift to positioning in the material space. • Summaries are temporal acts which constitute part of a summarising process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study was intended to investigate the design and feasibility of using a web virtual reality based social learning space for autistic children at home. The researchers of the current study developed and implemented an open-source, web virtual reality based learning program for children with autism. Endorsing mixed-method convergent parallel design, we collected both qualitative and quantitative data from four autistic children, including repeated measures of social skills performance, self- and parent-reported social and communication competence, observation notes, and individual interviews. The study found preliminary evidence for a positive impact of deploying a virtual reality-based social sandbox on the practice and development of complex social skills for autistic children. All participants showed significant reduced social communication impairments from the pre- to the post-intervention phases. Nevertheless, participants' social skills performance in the virtual world was mediated by two social task design features—external goal structure and individualization. Play- and design-oriented social tasks in the three-dimensional virtual world framed meaningful social experiences or the naturalistic intervention for social skills development. Positive impacts of using a virtual reality-based social sandbox on complex social skills development for autistic children. Social task design features mediate social skills performance of autistic children. Purposeful environment arrangement creates a naturalistic intervention for autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the governance of climate change under the Paris Agreement, specifically focusing on the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) as a governance instrument. The author argues that the adoption of the Paris Agreement did not resolve many of the differences between states, and further research is needed to accurately interpret its results. The article outlines five aspects for future research on NDCs, including the need to consider both countries' positions during negotiations and the adopted decisions, as well as the interlinkages between NDCs and other parts of the Paris Agreement. The author also highlights the importance of avoiding oversimplification and considering the political struggles that surround climate governance. [Extracted from the article]

The Paris Agreement places states' nationally determined contributions (NDCs) at the center of global climate politics. While previous research on the NDC has provided important suggestions for enhanced legitimacy and effectiveness of global climate governance, I examine the NDC not in terms of its content, but as an instrument for governing climate conduct in the post-Paris regime. By analyzing state submissions to post-Paris NDC negotiations, I identify five functions of the NDC: Progress Tracker, Trust-Builder, Influencer, Differentiator, and Gatekeeper. While the first three functions are informed by a techno-managerial rationality that posits effective climate action as a project of increased information-sharing, the last two highlight underlying political struggles of responsibility and fairness which are not necessarily solvable through intensified collaboration. I argue that these diverging views on the function of the NDC will become increasingly prominent as we move toward the first round of the global stocktake in 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explain the process by which nurses' roles are negotiated in general practice. Background: Primary care nurses do important work within a social model of health to meet the needs of the populations they serve. Latterly, in the face of increased demand and workforce shortages, they are also taking on more medical responsibilities through task‐shifting. Despite the increased complexity of their professional role, little is known about the processes by which it is negotiated. Design: Constructivist grounded theory. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants from 17 New Zealand general practices between December 2020 and January 2022. Due to COVID‐19, 11 interviews were via Zoom™. Concurrent data generation and analysis, using the constant comparative method and common grounded theory methods, identified the participants' main concern and led to the construction of a substantive explanatory theory around a core category. Results: The substantive explanatory theory of creating place proposes that the negotiation of nurse roles within New Zealand general practice is a three‐stage process involving occupying space, positioning to do differently and leveraging opportunity. Nurses and others act and interact in these stages, in accordance with their conceptualizations of need‐responsive nursing practice, towards the outcome defining place. Defining place conceptualizes an accommodation between the values beliefs and expectations of individuals and pre‐existing organizational norms, in which individual and group‐normative concepts of need‐responsive nursing practice are themselves developed. Conclusion: The theory of creating place provides new insights into the process of nurses' role negotiation in general practice. Findings support strategies to enable nurses, employers and health system managers to better negotiate professional roles to meet the needs of the populations they serve, while making optimum use of nursing skills and competencies. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Findings can inform nurses to better negotiate the complexities of the primary care environment, balancing systemic exigencies with the health needs of populations. Impact: What Problem Did the Study Address?: In the face of health inequity, general practice nurses in New Zealand, as elsewhere, are key to meeting complex primary health needs.There is an evidence gap regarding the processes by which nurses' roles are negotiated within provider organizations.A deeper understanding of such processes may enable better use of nursing skills to address unmet health need. What Were the Main Findings?: Nurses' roles in New Zealand general practice are determined through goal‐driven negotiation in accordance with individual concepts of need‐responsive nursing practice. Individuals progress from occupying workspaces defined by the care‐philosophies of others to defining workplaces that incorporate their own professional beliefs, values and expectations.Negotiation is conditional upon access to role models, scheduled dialogue with mentors and decision‐makers, and support for safe practice.Strong clinical and organizational governance and individuals' own positive personal self‐efficacy are enablers of effective negotiation. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have Impact?: The theory of Creating Space can inform organizational and individual efforts to advance the roles of general practice nurses to meet the health needs of their communities.General practice organizations can provide safe, supported environments for effective negotiation; primary care leaders can promote strong governance and develop individuals' sense of self‐efficacy by involving them in key decisions.Nurses themselves can use the theory as a framework to support critical reflection on how to engage in active negotiation of their professional roles. Reporting Method: The authors adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the COREQ reporting method. Patient or Public Contribution: Researchers and participants currently working in general practice were involved in the development of this study. By the process of theoretical sampling and constant comparison, participants' comments helped to shape the study design. What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?: An understanding of the processes by which health professionals negotiate their roles is important to support them to meet the challenges of increased complexity across all health sectors globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly fifty years ago on 22 June 1973, US President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev signed the US-Soviet Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War. This bilateral instrument established concrete rules of the road for reducing the risk of nuclear use by means of mutual restraint and dialogue. However, despite being the product of more than a year of intense negotiations between the White House and the Kremlin, one of the Agreement's primary architects, Henry Kissinger, later dismissed it as having 'achieved little that was positive'. This article examines why Nixon and Kissinger pursued this Agreement in the first place and the extent to which they accomplished their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's right to participate has been one of the most challenging rights to implement due to dominant norms which position children under adults' authority. Notably, this has more negatively impacted girls than boys due to traditional gender norms and practices that often restrict girls' agency and are reproduced and unchallenged in many societies. To contest these struggles, young female activists (13–17 years) in Sierra Leone, who are the focus of this paper, engaged in direct actions to influence public decision‐making and prevent girls from being married during childhood. Drawing upon empirical evidence exploring the girls' activism experiences, this article explore, young female activists' practical work is an example of what intersectionality as praxis means by connecting social categories to inequalities and highlights that they saw themselves as social actors with the ability to negotiate power, take part in community‐based activism to end child marriage and network with others to seek justice for practices and attitudes they perceived to be abusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Germany, a person's need for nursing care is assessed by evaluators according to the federal legal definition of the statutory long-term care insurance (LTCI). This definition and the associated standardized assessment tool constitute the conditions for providing nursing care in a community care setting in Germany. Furthermore, the community care setting is regulated by state law and negotiations between long-term care funds and associations of providers of nursing care. During nursing care, nurses engage in a variety of interactions with people. The extent to which the legal definition of the need for nursing care leads to challenges in these interactions is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted 22 problem-centered interviews with nurses in the community and analyzed the data using the constructivist grounded theory. The results revealed that the negotiation processes are settled within professional-family relationships and vary between the constructs of closeness and distance, advocacy and submission of responsibility, and ethos and technocracy; these are the central challenges nurses encounter in this setting. We discuss the implications and questions that arise from the findings for the nursing profession regarding its own current and future role as well as the design of nursing support in the community, to nurture more advanced nurse practitioners and community health nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies were conducted which examined explanations and precise anchors on counteroffers and perceptions in a salary negotiation. Study 1 found that precise offers reduced counteroffers compared to round offers, but explanations focused on internal equity concerns or external equity concerns had no effect on counteroffers. Study 2 also found that precise offers reduced counteroffers compared to round offers. Explanations, which were manipulated to focus on constraint or disparagement rationales, failed to affect counteroffers, but a constraint explanation led to higher attributions of competence compared to a disparagement explanation or no explanation. These results suggest that precise offers are an effective tactic for reducing counteroffers and that explanations are relatively unimportant. Further research is needed to determine under what conditions an explanation may improve or harm negotiation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how nationality and partisanship, two personal attributes of Commissioners, influence member states' bargaining success in EU law making. Building on principal-agent theory, it is expected that countries with close national and political linkages to the Commissioner responsible for negotiating a proposal are more successful in attaining their preferred outcomes. The hypotheses are tested using a linear regression model on the DEUIII dataset. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that a state has more bargaining success when the responsible Commissioner comes from that state or is affiliated with the same European Parliament party group as one of the governing parties in that state. Moreover, shared national ties moderate the detrimental effect of preference disagreements with the Commission on states' success. The study contributes to the literature by showing that Commissioners are not independent but political actors who can act autonomously and successfully pursue the preferences of their home countries and parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how Mahmoud Darwish introduces a postcolonial utopian rhetoric whereby Israelis and Palestinians would create a better milieu than what presently exists by adopting new human and universal commonalities and by eliminating what Fredric Jameson labels 'the root of all evil'. Israel's current colonial project against Gaza as forced displacement can be deconstructed through such rhetoric. Darwish's postcolonial utopia aligns with Bill Ashcroft's appeal to the creation of a better world free from hate, categorisation and the desire for annihilation. Strangely, Gaza's anti-colonial project for national independence has been unjustly categorized and distorted by Zionist Israel that espouses the 'categorise and colonise' slogan for imperial expansionism. Darwish's discourse introduces liberal-humanist cosmopolitan aesthetics to foreground a categorisation-free dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians through dissemination of the ethics of negotiation rather than negation. Darwish's rhetoric of postcolonial utopia comprises as such: the human promise; the entanglement of self and other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authoritarian environmentalism has come under the spotlight. It has often been criticized as accompanying social oppression. However, as some studies have reported an ambiguity in its governance on the ground, which is neither democratic nor authoritarian, its governance process needs further analysis. In particular, little is known about how the authoritarian state compromises with society. Therefore, by unraveling the historical background behind the development of shrimp farming in the mangroves of southern Vietnam, this paper examines the process of establishment of authoritarian environmentalism and considers how the authoritarian state exerts its power in interactions with society. To distinguish features of governance and understand various aspects of interactions among actors, we developed the concept of "ostensible" and "actual" authoritarianism. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with provincial government officials, forest officers, and shrimp farmers in Ca Mau Province and also used secondary materials. The results revealed that mangroves that were previously the frontier until the 1970s had been enclosed by the state, applying modern governing technologies. However, the state failed to optimally utilize its governing power due to an accidental confluence of interests with society and to avoid political instability. Locals also tenaciously coped with top-down governance by adopting unique strategies. These interactions created an informal social order, which ironically created temporal social stability. We conclude that more research is needed to address how the political equilibrium is disturbed or maintained under authoritarian environmentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How water governance mechanisms differ is evident in three diverse basins in the United States: the Colorado River, the Missouri River, and the linked Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint and Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa basins. Climate change is a major stressor in all three and requires flexibility to adapt. The roles of compacts, coordination mechanisms, allocation formulas, courts, and intergovernmental relationships are different, except the federal government's operation of large reservoirs. Ambiguities in relative powers of the federal and state governments inhibit coordination and negotiation. A major feature of the federal system is importance of legal mechanisms for dispute resolution to supplement collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges conventional accounts of the Tunisian and Egyptian militaries' role in the Arab Spring, emphasizing the very different bargaining versus containing logic through which the countries' autocrats maintained political control of the military. Whereas traditional approaches emphasize the common outcome that neither military fired on protesters, this article highlights three areas of difference in military behavior: the militaries' role in repression (beyond nor firing on protesters); managing the regime crises; and removing or sustaining the regime. In so doing, it also argues against interpretations of the Tunisian military that it remained loyal or passive. To the contrary, the article shows how the Tunisian military was a decidedly political actor, playing a profound role in ending the regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Investigated the experiences of Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) patients and whānau (extended family network) engaging with acute hospital inpatient services and their priorities for a Māori-centred model of relational care. Design: A qualitative Māori-centred research design using a Thought Space Wānanga (learning through in-depth group discussion, deliberation and consideration) approach. Methods: Two wānanga were conducted between May 2022 and June 2022, with 13 Māori patients who had been acutely hospitalized within the past 12 months and their whānau members. The first wānanga utilized storytelling and journey mapping to collect data. The second wānanga refined the initial themes. Wānanga were audiorecorded and then inductively coded and developed into themes. Results: Thirteen patients and whānau attended the first wānanga, while 10 patients and whānau participated in the second wānanga). Four themes were developed: (1) Whakawhanaungatanga (establishing connections and relationships), (2) Whakamana (uplifting the status and esteem of Māori), (3) Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (the importance of communicating, discussing and deliberating) and (4) Kotahitanga (working together with purpose) all provide insights into the importance of effectively engaging and connecting with Māori patients and whānau when acutely hospitalized. Conclusions: The experiences and priorities of Māori patients and whānau affirm the international literature, suggesting that Indigenous relational concepts are critical to building relationships, connections and trust. Despite existing healthcare models for working with Indigenous peoples, their poor application contributes to sub-optimal healthcare experiences at all points of their healthcare journey. A relational mode of practice focused on engagement and forming connections better meets the needs of Indigenous peoples engaging with inpatient health services. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Despite the existence of Indigenous models of care, Indigenous peoples consistently report a lack of engagement and connection when accessing inpatient health services. Without establishing relationships, applying models of care is challenging. Impact (Addressing): • What problem did the study address? Internationally, healthcare systems are consistently ill-equipped to deliver culturally safe care for Indigenous and marginalized peoples, evident in ongoing health inequities. Like other reports of Indigenous experiences of health services, Māori express dissatisfaction with care delivery in an acute inpatient setting. This study investigated Māori patients and whānau experiences engaging with acute hospital inpatient services and their priorities for a Māori-centred model of relational care. • What were the main findings? Māori patients and whānau recounted negative experiences with healthcare professionals lacking effective relationships and trust. Satisfaction occurred when engagement with health care professionals resembled Indigenous cultural rituals of encounter that considered their holistic, collective and dynamic worldviews. Previous models of relational care, while helpful, are not Indigenous and so do not address their needs, such as engagement as a mode of practice (how) to achieve this. • Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This research impacts Indigenous peoples' health outcomes, particularly Māori, and nurses and clinicians working and interacting within acute inpatient and other hospital settings. Indigenous research methods support co-constructing knowledge for translation into practical outcomes through transformational practices, policies and theory development. Reporting method: We used the Consolidated Criteria for Strengthening the Reporting of Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples (CONSIDER) statement (see File S2—CONSIDER Checklist) and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines (see File S3—COREQ Checklist). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease experience conflicts as they navigate health care but lack training to resolve these disputes. We sought to develop and pilot test an artificial‐intelligence negotiation training program, NegotiAge, for family caregivers. Methods: We convened negotiation experts, a geriatrician, a social worker, and community‐based family caregivers. Content matter experts created short videos to teach negotiation skills. Caregivers generated dialogue surrounding conflicts. Computer scientists utilized the dialogue with the Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (IAGO) platform to develop avatar‐based agents (e.g., sibling, older adult, physician) for caregivers to practice negotiating. Pilot testing was conducted with family caregivers to assess usability (USE) and satisfaction (open‐ended questions with thematic analysis). Results: Development: With NegotiAge, caregivers progress through didactic material, then receive scenarios to negotiate (e.g., physician recommends gastric tube, sibling disagrees with home support, older adult refusing support). Caregivers negotiate in real‐time with avatars who are designed to act like humans, including emotional tactics and irrational behaviors. Caregivers send/receive offers, using tactics until either mutual agreement or time expires. Immediate feedback is generated for the user to improve skills training. Pilot testing: Family caregivers (n = 12) completed the program and survey. USE questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7) subset scores revealed: (1) Useful—Mean 5.69 (SD 0.76); (2) Ease—Mean 5.24 (SD 0.96); (3) Learn—Mean 5.69 (SD 0.74); (4) Satisfy—Mean 5.62 (SD 1.10). Items that received over 80% agreements were: It helps me be more effective; It helps me be more productive; It is useful; It gives me more control over the activities in my life; It makes the things I want to accomplish easier to get done. Participants were highly satisfied and found NegotiAge fun to use (91.7%), with 100% who would recommend it to a friend. Conclusion: NegotiAge is an Artificial‐Intelligent Caregiver Negotiation Program, that is usable and feasible for family caregivers to become familiar with negotiating conflicts commonly seen in health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to debates about the everyday negotiation of difference, inequality and conflict in cities by developing the notion of 'coexisting normative regimes'. Normative regimes are plausible parameters of action that are sedimented in subjectivities and reproduced in everyday routines. We argue that in many Brazilian favelas and other marginalised urban spaces, distinct and unassimilable normative regimes coexist in space, each providing distinct frameworks and guidelines for dealing with everyday situations. Based on extensive ethnographic research conducted in a favela in the city of Belo Horizonte, the article identifies the everyday ways in which normative regimes operate, how they link to broader urban inequalities, and the ways in which individuals and groups navigate between them and the various threats they pose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Pragmatic Markers and Peripheries" is a book that explores the relationship between pragmatic markers (PMs) and the left and right peripheries in language. The book includes contributions from various languages and investigates the functions and positions of PMs in different contexts. It challenges some influential theories, such as the Subjectivity Intersubjectivity Peripheries Hypothesis (SIPH) and the left-to-right movement hypothesis. The book provides empirical evidence and methodological guidance, making it a valuable resource for researchers interested in pragmatics, corpus linguistics, and interactional linguistics. However, it could benefit from more balanced representation of languages and further exploration of prosody. [Extracted from the article]

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) allows the Medicare program to negotiate drug prices beginning in 2024. Based on the guidance in the statute, CMS has selected specific data items to use to adjust initial price offers for 10 drugs in the decision-making process. Although much of the data are publicly available, some of these data items will need to be collected directly from drug companies. A 2019 US House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Accountability investigative report collected a wide range of data from manufacturers of 12 high-revenue drugs that show what is available from the drug companies, including development costs, marketing, pricing, competition, and patent status. This article focuses on the data obtained for ibrutinib, an oral medication for treating hematologic malignancies, which is one of the only drugs reviewed by the committee that also has been selected for Medicare price negotiation. We examine data that can be obtained only from the drug manufacturer that the IRA has explicitly identified as being used to determine the price and suggest potential negotiation strategies for CMS in response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democratic transitions, franchise extensions, and civil war settlements can often be seen as power-sharing agreements in which opposing factions try to use institutional structures to 'lock in' the terms of a settlement. But the commitment power inherent in institutions varies. When the institutional environment is weak and credibility is low, it is difficult for a powerful elite to tie its hands and give up power. This article studies a window-of-opportunity model in which an enfranchised elite faces a periodic threat. Institutional weakness is parameterized in terms of the elite's marginal return to trying to undermine a power-sharing agreement. The analysis shows that (i) bargaining breaks down if the overall institutional environment is too weak and why it does; (ii) equilibrium agreements share more power with the opposition when the institutional environment is weak; (iii) there is a non-monotonic relation between power sharing and how often the opposition poses a threat; and (iv) power sharing is path dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How close does a nation come to the brink of war with an opponent during the process of crisis bargaining? The present study constructs a new formal model focused on a challenger's incentive to intensify military provocations against a defender that involve a trade-off between securing a more profitable bargaining outcome and increasing the risk of accidental war. This model identifies the conditions under which the defender's threat of military coercion effectively deters the challenger from engaging in his payoff-maximizing level of provocations. The numerical simulations suggest that a military buildup by a nation can cause counterintuitive results, namely, the armament dilemma, depending on the balance of the marginal benefits and costs for participants and the effectiveness of deterrence. Meanwhile, a state's military buildup always strengthens its own bargaining power relative to its opponent's regardless of the occurrence of this dilemma; that is, the paradox of power does not arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Age-related changes in executive functions, especially inhibitory control, correlate to decreased balance control and increased fall risk. However, only a few studies focused on the performance of tasks integrating balance and inhibitory control. This study aims to determine the effects of cognitive inhibition preceding the initiation of voluntary steps in young and older adults. Methods Performance of 3 stepping tasks (a Simon, Flanker, and a combined Simon–Flanker task [SFT]) were analyzed in 23 young adults and 43 older adults. Each task included congruent and incongruent trials in different step directions. Analyses focused on temporal aspects of step responses as identified by changes in Center of Pressure (CoP) and foot position. A 3-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate "inhibition," "age," and "task" effects. Results With large effect sizes, "inhibition" as well as "age" resulted in longer durations of an initial preparatory phase as well as the step response phase. The SFT showed the largest "task" effects. Duration of CoP movement had the largest impact on total step execution in older adults. A significant interaction effect of "age*inhibition" was found on the duration of CoP movement, but not on CoP onset. Discussion Overall, our results demonstrate that cognitive inhibition has more impact in older adults, the longer duration of CoP movements in older adults may reflect an ineffective step preparation. Our examination of the duration of subsequent phases which comprise perceptual processing and conflict resolution, response initiation, and step execution sheds light on how cognitive inhibition affects voluntary stepping behavior in young and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political parties and their internal working policy and pattern of interactions have a profound impact on the operation of federations and the character of intergovernmental relations (IGR). By using the Ethiopian party system as a case study, this article aims to explore the impacts of party ideology, structure and style of functioning on the overall operation of a federation and the (de)institutionalisation of intergovernmental relations. It shows that the party structure, internal practices and ideological conviction of two parties—the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and the Prosperity Party (PP)—have shaped and reshaped the functioning of the Ethiopian federation and the dynamics of vertical and horizontal relations. At the same time, constitutional and IGR principles have been sidelined. There is a need to entrench stable and formal IGR frameworks for negotiation, the exchange of information and co-operation between federal and sub-state institutions. Reducing excessive reliance on the party line is essential to optimise the regularity, continuity and effectiveness of the interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the phenomenon of block talk among Germanspeaking Twitter users, based on a subsample of 1700 tweets from a larger corpus of 380,000 block-related tweets collected between February and December 2021. Block talk refers to users publicly mentioning and conversing about the disconnective practice of blocking, which sometimes stimulates a debate about the legitimate use of blocking while at other times providing an outgroup marker for collective positioning. Through the example of block talk we demonstrate that the platform's curatorial infrastructure for drawing boundaries between public and private is continuously negotiated, and that this negotiation transforms the meaning of some of the default communicative affordances of the platform but also creates its own routines of making public. On the one hand, we show how users adapt conversational devices such as hashtags, screenshots, and @-mentions in the context of block talk. On the other hand, we present examples of Twitter users' normative reflections about blocking and discuss them as processes of metapragmatic enregisterment. In the final discussion, we propose to integrate processes of routinized adaptation as well as reflexive enregisterment into a joint process of 'communicative infrastructuring'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examines the impact of investment treaties on domestic governance in developing countries, through cross‐country quantitative analysis and a detailed qualitative case‐study on Myanmar. We clarify a variety of mechanisms that plausibly link investment treaties to impacts on domestic governance. Considering incentive, acculturative and political economy mechanisms, we find little evidence that the treaties lead to changes in domestic law, institutional structure or policy‐making. The treaties also have surprisingly limited relevance in investor‐state bargaining outside formal adjudicatory processes. Overall, our findings point to a profound decoupling between investment treaties and domestic governance; they also clarify the conditions under which such decoupling can persist, notwithstanding material incentives for states to ensure tighter alignment. Rather than interpreting decoupling as a failure of domestic implementation, our case study suggests that the problem is with the treaties themselves, in that they place obligations on developing countries that cannot realistically be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article demonstrates how the problematic socio-political situation of nonheterosexual communities in Poland and Polish traditionalism significantly impacts how nonheterosexual people develop their sexual stories and perceive their sexual practices. It aims to shift the discussion on sex life, primarily conducted in the Anglo-American context that often focuses on the frequency of sexual contact and heteronormative understanding of sexual practices, into a more critical one, attentive to the socio-political context. The article maps queer narratives on sex life and reconstructs the role of heteronormative and homophobic patterns, prejudices, and stereotypes. It demonstrates how public norms and discourses are mirrored, negotiated, and challenged in queer sexual stories. Finally, it shows how these negotiations deeply influence the positionality of nonheterosexual people in Poland and their sexual choices and practices. The article concludes by sharing future paths for research on queer sexual life inspired by geographies of gender and sexualities. The presented analysis draws on 53 individual in-depth narrative interviews and a monthly ethnographic study conducted with 21 nonheterosexual families done within the Families of Choice in Poland research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted by parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022. The aftermath of these negotiations provides an opportunity to draw lessons as to how ecological and evolutionary science can more effectively inform policy. We examined key challenges that limit effective engagement by scientists in the biodiversity policy process, drawing parallels with analogous challenges within global climate negotiations. Biodiversity is multifaceted, yet represents only one framing for nature's contributions to people, complicating the nexus between evidence and values in development of the framework's targets. Processes generating biodiversity and driving its loss are multiscalar, challenging development of an evidence base for globally standardized targets. We illustrated these challenges by contrasting development of 2 key elements of the framework. The genetic diversity element of the framework's target 4 is directly related to the framework's primary goals, but its complexity required development of novel engagement skills. The target for protected areas was easily communicated but more indirectly related to biodiversity outcomes; evidence from ecological and social science was essential to communicating the context and limitations of this relationship. Scientists can strengthen the effectiveness of global agreements and address challenges arising from complexity, scaling, capacity limitations, and the interplay of science and values, if they can prioritize communication, consensus‐building, and networking skills and engage throughout the process, from development of an evidence base to implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a situation in which two parties have concluded an efficient contract corresponding to one major bargaining solution. After the parties have agreed on one particular contract, an unanticipated shock may change the contract outcomes in a way that benefits one party but harms the other party. If this happens, they have the option to either stay with the original exchange contract or adjust some contract parameters such as the price. We propose a model to perform such adjustments automatically, to obtain the same bargaining solution as in the initial contract under the restriction that the new contract dominates the outcomes of the original contract. We study several bargaining solutions within this general framework. These bargaining solutions offer various sharing rules to distribute the benefit between the parties. To reflect practical considerations, we only consider adjustments made via one contract parameter (the price), while all other parameters result from the original contract and the random shock. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach, we also compare it to a full re-negotiation scenario, in which all parameters can be modified within the boundaries resulting after the random shock. However, waiting and re-negotiation might be costly compared to the situation when the smart contract executes the adjustment automatically. Therefore, the automatic adjustment might be more efficient compared to the other types of contracts. We present several numerical examples and run large random simulations, which we also check statistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaving for the city or going abroad to study, to later return and contribute to the development of the village. This notion is what we propose here as the rhetoric of return, a polysemic concept that is central to the narrative of development and education in Nepal. The migratory trajectory of Mingma, a young Sherpa who grew up in Sikkim (India), questions this notion based on her experience of returning to Gaun (Nepal), her family's village. Her story allows us to understand the negotiations that stem from her ideals of development, her role as a teacher and her relationship with the villagers. The most important findings reveal the close link between mobility and knowledge regimes in Nepal and demonstrate the relevance of gender in the mobility-development nexus and its contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional wisdom is that human rights have long been off the negotiating agenda at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The failed attempt by Northern states to include a 'social clause' in WTO rules during the late 1990s and early 2000s is often cited as having foreclosed bringing human rights to bear in multilateral trade negotiations. This article challenges this traditional view, demonstrating that states are mobilizing human rights at the WTO to shape current global trade rulemaking. Moreover, in sharp contrast to the prevailing assumption that developed countries are the primary champions of human rights in the trade regime and developing countries the opponents, I show that developing countries have in fact become key protagonists in marshalling human rights at the WTO. To illustrate these claims, I examine how developing countries mobilize human rights norms, principles and discourse to shape global trade rulemaking in two of the most contentious issues in recent WTO negotiations: The use of public food stockholding for food security purposes and a TRIPS waiver to ensure access to COVID-19 vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paperwork has always been a central part of bureaucratic work. Over the last few years, bureaucratic procedures have become increasingly standardised and digitalised. Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within welfare offices in Switzerland and Belgium, we reflect on the way evidence is constructed within social policy and cases built for or against noncitizen welfare recipients in order to show how paper truths are established and challenged. The focus on digital practices within public policy implementation highlights how it contributes to enhanced control mechanisms on the implementation level and how migration law continues to guide welfare governance for noncitizens. This allows targeting of the most marginalised groups, whose rights to access state support are institutionally impeded. Through database information flows, official forms, paper reports and face-to-face meetings, we further show how a hybrid form of bureaucratic work emerges, where direct contact with the client is still key, yet highly influenced by standardisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the welfare impact of expanding the negotiation agenda of an international agreement between asymmetric countries (e.g., including specific negotiations over environmental regulations or labor standards in a conventional trade agreement) and demonstrates why such proposed expansions are contentious. A main result is that agenda expansions that provide more bargaining flexibility will increase the efficiency of the agreement but can result in a less equitable agreement that hurts the country that is at a bargaining disadvantage. Similarly, we demonstrate that decreases in bargaining game asymmetry can also make the disadvantaged country worse‐off even as it increases global welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on Ethiopian women in Melbourne Australia, in this article, we address the under-researched yet significant issue of navigating the division of domestic labour in the context of migration. We analyse data derived from a larger project based on 40 interviews with Ethiopian immigrant women to explore their perspectives on housework and how they seek to negotiate this in their households in a social context that differs from that in their sending nation. Arguing that migration to Australia has presented Ethiopian immigrant women with the opportunity to seek greater equality in the domestic sphere, we nevertheless note that their efforts to alter the unequal division of domestic labour are to a degree constrained by socioeconomic factors and gender norms as shaped within their cultures of origin. Our findings also elucidate the ways in which participants' husbands selectively adhere to notions of culture in order to perform less housework. Our article contributes to the scant research that addresses how migrant women seek to renegotiate the division of labour in destination countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does residing in the proximity of surveillance infrastructure—i.e., checkpoints, the separation barrier, and military installations—affect support for cooperative and confrontational forms of collective action? Cooperative actions involve engagement with outgroups to advance the ingroup cause (e.g., negotiations, joint actions, and peace movements), whereas confrontational actions involve unilateral tactics to weaken the outgroup (e.g., boycott, armed resistance). In the context of West Bank and Jerusalem, we combine geo‐coded data on the surveillance infrastructure with a representative survey of the adult population from 49 communities (N = 1,000). Our multilevel analyses show that surveillance does not affect support for confrontational actions but instead decreases support for cooperative actions. Moreover, we identify a new, community‐level mechanism whereby surveillance undermines cooperative actions through weakening inclusive norms that challenge dominant us‐versus‐them perspectives. These effects are empirically robust to various individual‐ and community‐level controls, as well as to the potential of reverse causality and residential self‐selection. Our findings illustrate how cooperative voices and the fabric of social communities become the first casualties of exposure to surveillance. They also speak to the importance of considering structural factors, with broader implications for the socio‐psychological study of collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is reasonable to expect that travel systems at the workplace would consistently support disabled workers to travel for work in a manner consistent with their needs. Yet, insufficient travel support, systemic bias and discrimination are often the lived experience of disabled workers. To date, research has predominantly focused on leisure travel and disability. Applying an ecological systems theoretical frame, this study investigated how disabled workers in the higher education sector negotiate travel constraints during the organisation and experience of work-related travel. A qualitative research approach was used to understand and improve work-related travel for disabled workers. Findings revealed that disabled workers are regularly forced to negotiate layers of travel constraints related to their personal circumstances and embedded in an interacting environmental system comprising their private life, workplace and broader society. Recommendations are made for a work-travel system that is more inclusive of all workers. This article explores how the requirement to travel for work is disabling workers with impairments. Data was gathered by guided interviews followed by a workshop with subject matter experts in form of a focus group discussion. This research found that while some leading organizations are keen to identify and address disabling barriers related to travel, others in the sector seemed indifferent. The study found that disabled workers employ a raft of measures to reduce the impact upon them personally and on their careers. The study recommends the immediate uptake of universal design travel principles that are flexible and inclusive of all workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]